Evaluation of Pupillometry as a Method of mTBI Diagnosis

Kevin Dubaj*, Brenden Balcik, Sam Scifo and Aaron Monseau, Department of Emergency Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506

Field (Broad Category): Medical Sciences (Health Sciences) 

Student’s Major: Biochemistry 

The purpose of this study is to examine the pupillary light reflex in subjects with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), concussions, in comparison to normal subjects, as a possible way of quantitatively diagnosing mTBI. Diagnosis of mTBI is currently done qualitatively, revolving around subjective pupil analysis, neuro exam and questioning. However, providing clinicians with the ability to accurately measure pupil responses and use the resulting data as a method of mTBI diagnosis would be a major advancement in head injuries. This relationship between measured pupil response and mTBI would provide accurate, objective measurements to aid in diagnosis. To explore this idea, pupillary response of mTBI and normal individuals were measured with a pupillometer. The pupilometer, using white step stimulus, measured various responses (constriction and dilation velocities, maximum and minimum pupil diameters, and constriction latency) in the pupil. Decreased responses in certain parameters, most significantly in constriction velocity and latency, when comparing mTBI subjects to normal subjects was seen. These slowed responses represent mTBI’s quantifiable, negative effect on the pupillary light reflex. This decrease displays the ability of pupillometry to successfully diagnose mTBI. This diagnostic tool is a quantitative, objective way of identifying mTBI, providing a method of effective identification and in turn proper treatment. 

Funding: 

Program/mechanism supporting research/creative efforts: WVU's Research Apprenticeship Program (RAP) & accompanying HONR 297-level course